Abstract
Noriyuki Hirahara1, Takeshi Matsubara1, Shunsuke Kaji1, Yasunari Kawabata1, Ryoji Hyakudomi1, Tetsu Yamamoto1, Yuki Uchida1, Kazunari Ishitobi1, Kiyoe Takai1 and Yoshitsugu Tajima1
1 Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
Correspondence to:
Noriyuki Hirahara, | email: | norinorihirahara@yahoo.co.jp |
Keywords: glasgow prognostic score (GPS); modified GPS (mGPS); high-sensitivity mGPS (HS-mGPS); C-reactive protein; gastric cancer
Received: August 31, 2020 Accepted: October 17, 2020 Published: November 10, 2020
ABSTRACT
Background: Inflammation influences cancer progression by increasing catabolism and impairing nutrient absorption. We compared the prognostic ability of three inflammation-based prognostic scoring systems—the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS (mGPS), and high-sensitivity mGPS (HS-mGPS)—in gastric cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined 434 curatively resected gastric cancer patients to evaluate the prognostic ability of scoring systems for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).
Results: OS analysis identified the following independent prognostic factors: GPS model: pathological stage (pStage, p < 0.001), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, p = 0.004), and GPS 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.929; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152-3.228; p = 0.013); mGPS model: body mass index (BMI, p = 0.027), pStage (p < 0.001), and CEA (p < 0.001); HS-mGPS model: BMI (p = 0.029), pStage (p < 0.001), and CEA (p = 0.003). mGPS and HS-mGPS were not independent prognostic factors for OS. CSS analysis of the GPS model identified pStage (p < 0.001), CEA (p = 0.015), and GPS 1 (HR; 2.095, 95% CI; 1.025–4.283; p = 0.043) and 2 (HR, 2.812; 95% CI, 1.111–7.116; p = 0.029) as independent prognostic factors; however, mGPS and HS-mGPS were not independent prognostic factors for CSS. Log-rank tests demonstrated significant differences in OS among patients with GPS 0 vs. 1 (p < 0.001) and 0 vs. 2 (p < 0.001) and in CSS among the three GPS (0 vs. 1; p = 0.005, 0 vs. 2; p < 0.001, 1 vs. 2; p = 0.009).
Conclusions: GPS most reliably predicts long-term survival of gastric cancer patients.