Abstract
Kyong-Jin Jung1,*, Kyoung-jin Min1,*, Jae Hoon Bae2, Taeg Kyu Kwon1
1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
*These authors have contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Taeg Kyu Kwon, e-mail: kwontk@dsmc.or.kr
Keywords: Carnosic acid, TRAIL, Bcl-2, c-FLIP, CHOP
Received: September 19, 2014 Accepted: November 08, 2014 Published: January 22, 2015
ABSTRACT
Carnosic acid is a phenolic diterpene from rosmarinus officinalis, and has multiple functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor activity. In this study, we examined whether carnosic acid could sensitize TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. We found that carnosic acid markedly induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN, and A498), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (SK-HEP-1), and human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells, but not normal cells (TMCK-1 and HSF). Carnosic acid induced down-regulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 expression at the post-translational levels, and the over-expression of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 markedly blocked carnosic acid-induced TRAIL sensitization. Furthermore, carnosic acid induced death receptor (DR)5, Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression at the transcriptional levels via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). Down-regulation of CHOP expression by siRNA inhibited DR5, Bim, and PUMA expression, and attenuated carnosic acid plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that carnosic acid enhances sensitization against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through the down-regulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulation of ER stress-mediated DR5, Bim, and PUMA expression at the transcriptional levels.