Research Papers:
Novel N,N-dialkyl cyanocinnamic acids as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 inhibitors
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Abstract
Shirisha Jonnalagadda1, Sravan K. Jonnalagadda1, Conor T. Ronayne1, Grady L. Nelson1, Lucas N. Solano1, Jon Rumbley1,2, Jon Holy1,3, Venkatram R. Mereddy1,2,4 and Lester R. Drewes1,3
1Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
2Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
Correspondence to:
Lester R. Drewes, email: ldrewes@d.umn.edu
Venkatram R. Mereddy, email: vmereddy@d.umn.edu
Keywords: monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibitor; monocarboxylate transporter 4 inhibitor; 2-alkoxy-N,N-dialkyl cyanocinnamic acid; cancer; metabolism
Received: December 02, 2018 Accepted: February 22, 2019 Published: March 22, 2019
ABSTRACT
Potent and dual monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and 4 inhibitors have been developed for the first time as potential anticancer agents based on α-cyanocinnamic acid structural template. Candidate inhibitors 1–9 have been evaluated for in vitro cell proliferation against MCT1 and MCT4 expressing cancer cell lines. Potential MCT1 and MCT4 binding interactions of the lead compound 9 have been studied through homology modeling and molecular docking prediction. In vitro effects on extracellular flux via glycolysis and mitochondrial stress tests suggest that candidate compounds 3 and 9 disrupt glycolysis and OxPhos efficiently in MCT1 expressing colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr and MCT4 expressing triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Fluorescence microscopy analyses in these cells also indicate that compound 9 is internalized and concentrated near mitochondria. In vivo tumor growth inhibition studies in WiDr and MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor models in mice indicate that the candidate compound 9 exhibits a significant single agent activity.
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